The freight market continues to tighten as rising fuel costs, expanded broker liability, and constrained truck capacity reshape transportation networks heading into summer.
A recent Supreme Court ruling has increased liability exposure for freight brokers, which will drive stricter carrier vetting and higher insurance costs across the industry. At the same time, diesel prices have surged near 2022 record highs due to ongoing geopolitical instability, adding inflationary pressure throughout the supply chain.
Despite economic uncertainty, freight demand remains steady across manufacturing, produce, and infrastructure sectors, pushing spot rates higher and narrowing the gap between contract and spot pricing.
Demand Level & Outlook
Demand remains strong despite rising costs
Freight demand continues to hold steady as U.S. manufacturing expands for a fourth consecutive month and supply chains remain tight. Semiconductor pricing, factory input costs, and transportation expenses all increased sharply in April, signaling continued pressure across the market.
The largest development impacting transportation this month is the Supreme Court’s unanimous ruling in Montgomery v. Caribe Transport II, which expands broker liability for carrier selection. The decision is expected to increase carrier vetting standards, insurance costs, and operational scrutiny throughout the freight market.
Meanwhile, diesel prices climbed to $5.64 nationally in mid-May (nearly matching 2022 peak levels) further increasing transportation costs across all modes.
Key Demand Indicators
Freight spend is projected to rise 20–25% year-over-year
Trucking rates paid by shippers increased 15.3% year-over-year
Diesel prices rose 62% year-over-year
Factory input costs reached their highest level since 2022
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Capacity tightening is accelerating
Freight pricing continues to rise while available truck capacity remains historically tight. Although carriers added trucking jobs and increased truck orders in April, demand is still outpacing supply across dry van, reefer, and flatbed markets.
Fuel remains the biggest operational challenge for carriers. Rising diesel costs pushed carrier operating conditions into negative territory earlier this spring, and transportation pricing historically follows fuel increases within weeks.
Mode Highlights
Dry Van
Capacity remains tighter than at any point in the last several years.
Reefer
Produce season and Roadcheck disruptions pushed reefer demand sharply higher, driving record weekly rate increases.
Flatbed
Infrastructure and AI-related construction demand continue fueling strong flatbed activity and tightening available capacity.
Key Supply Indicators
Flatbed load-to-truck ratios surged during Roadcheck week
Freight pricing reached record highs while truck capacity declined
Heavy-truck orders increased significantly year-over-year
Logistics costs climbed to their highest level since April 2022
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Spot rates continue to outpace contracts
Spot-market pricing accelerated in May as fuel costs, tighter capacity, and increased compliance pressures pushed transportation costs higher. The spot-to-contract pricing gap that benefited shippers throughout 2023 continues to narrow quickly.
Additional broker liability costs are expected to impact spot pricing first, while contract markets are also experiencing upward pressure as primary carriers reject freight and shift loads into higher-cost backup capacity.
Current Linehaul Rates
- Dry Van: $2.22 per mile
- Reefer: $2.68 per mile
- Flatbed: $2.79 per mile
Market Rate Trends
- Spot rates are running 35–40% above last year
- Contract rates are averaging roughly 10% above last year
- Dry van rates sit 30% above the five-year average
- Flatbed rates increased 20% over the past nine weeks
Shippers should prepare for continued rate volatility throughout the summer as fuel prices, seasonal demand, and tightening capacity continue pressuring the market.als
Market Update.
The freight market is sending mixed signals. Beneath flat demand headlines, a split economy is taking shape. Industrial expansion driven by AI infrastructure is offsetting softness in housing and consumer goods. At the same time, tightening capacity and rising costs are beginning to reshape rate dynamics.
Here’s what matters now.
Demand Level & Outlook
Freight demand is stabilizing, but not yet accelerating
The latest data shows ton-mile demand essentially flat year-over-year, signaling that the worst of the freight recession is behind us, but a meaningful recovery hasn’t fully taken hold.
A clear divide is emerging:
- Industrial freight tied to AI infrastructure and energy is strengthening
- Housing-related freight (like wood, appliances, and furniture) remains soft
Encouragingly, leading indicators are turning positive. Packaging and paper activity, along with pallet pricing, are both signaling increased goods movement for the first time since 2022. Historically, when these indicators align, freight volumes follow within one to two quarters.
Carrier sentiment is also improving. Class 8 truck orders surged, pointing to growing confidence in future demand.
What to watch:
Ongoing tariff risks and elevated interest rates could delay a full recovery
Q2 is shaping up to be the strongest demand window in three years, driven by produce season and early-cycle industrial activity
Q3 will depend on whether current inventory builds translate into sustained production
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Capacity is Tightening Rapidly, and Costs Are Surging
The market is firmly in contraction mode, with transportation capacity shrinking at one of the fastest rates since the pandemic. At the same time, pricing is accelerating, creating a wide gap between supply and demand. Fuel is the biggest driver.
Diesel prices have spiked significantly year-over-year, now accounting for up to 30–40% of operating costs for many carriers. This has forced widespread behavioral shifts:
- Carriers are reducing routes and optimizing loads
- Smaller fleets are sidelining trucks due to cost pressures
- Regulatory changes are further reducing the available driver pool
Fuel surcharges have jumped sharply across all modes, increasing as much as 50% compared to 2025 averages.
The result: fewer trucks available and higher costs to operate them.
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Rates Are Rising, but the Story is More Nuanced Beneath the Surface
Across all modes, spot rates are significantly higher than last year, driven by a combination of tighter capacity and fuel cost pass-through. However, when fuel is removed, underlying linehaul trends vary by mode.
- Dry van and reefer: Linehaul rates softened slightly month-over-month, indicating fuel—not demand—is driving most of the increase
- Flatbed: Rates continue to climb, supported by real demand in construction and industrial sectors
Produce season is adding further pressure, particularly in reefer markets, where capacity is tightening quickly and key regions are seeing sharp rate increases.
Contract rates are also moving higher as shippers and carriers renegotiate in a volatile cost environment.
Key takeaways:
Mode-specific dynamics matter more than ever
Capacity tightening is real and accelerating
Fuel volatility is distorting rate signals
Market Update.
The freight market is tightening, but not evenly. March brings a mix of modest demand recovery, continued capacity contraction, and growing pressure on rates, with regional and modal shifts driving new pockets of volatility. From truckload to LTL, this month’s update breaks down where the market is moving, what’s driving change, and how to stay ahead as conditions continue to evolve.
Demand Level & Outlook
Where Demand Stands Today
According to trucking ton-mile data, freight demand reached a seasonally adjusted low point in Q2 2024 and has been slowly improving since.
That modest demand recovery, combined with significant carrier exits throughout 2024 and early 2025, helps explain why capacity has tightened even though freight volumes remain historically soft.
To put growth into perspective:
- Q3 2025 demand was up just 0.8% year-over-year
- Compare that to prior bull markets:
- Q3 2017: ↑ 2.4%
- Q4 2017: ↑ 3.7%
Those past cycles saw rapid demand expansion for 18 months or more. There is currently no evidence of that kind of acceleration heading into 2026.
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Capacity & Costs: Tight, But Under Strain
Transportation capacity tightened sharply at year-end. The Logistics Managers’ Index shows capacity fell to a four-year low in December:
- Transportation Capacity Index: 36.9
- Lowest since October 2021
- First contraction since March 2022, when the freight recession began
At the same time:
- Transportation utilization rose to 58.2
- Transportation pricing increased to 66.7, the highest since January 2025
- Pricing sat nearly 30 points above capacity, signaling a tight market on paper
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Contract Rates: Stable, For Now
Contract pricing has been far less reactive than spot markets. Retailers and shippers entered peak season with:
- Inventory plans are set months in advance
- Elevated inventory-to-sales ratios
- A cautious approach to restocking
Post-holiday inventory drawdowns are normal seasonal behavior, not a signal of a Q1 demand surge. With sales largely flat on a price-adjusted basis, there is little incentive for shippers to lock in higher contract rates early in 2026.
Market Update.
At Spot, we understand the vital role that up-to-date information plays in navigating the dynamic logistics market. Each month, we bring you a comprehensive logistics market update. We dive into the latest trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the logistics sector. Join us as we empower you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions in this fast-paced industry. Market Update.
Demand Level & Outlook
Where Demand Stands Today
According to trucking ton-mile data, freight demand reached a seasonally adjusted low point in Q2 2024 and has been slowly improving since.
That modest demand recovery, combined with significant carrier exits throughout 2024 and early 2025, helps explain why capacity has tightened even though freight volumes remain historically soft.
To put growth into perspective:
- Q3 2025 demand was up just 0.8% year-over-year
- Compare that to prior bull markets:
- Q3 2017: ↑ 2.4%
- Q4 2017: ↑ 3.7%
Those past cycles saw rapid demand expansion for 18 months or more. There is currently no evidence of that kind of acceleration heading into 2026.
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Capacity & Costs: Tight, But Under Strain
Transportation capacity tightened sharply at year-end. The Logistics Managers’ Index shows capacity fell to a four-year low in December:
- Transportation Capacity Index: 36.9
- Lowest since October 2021
- First contraction since March 2022, when the freight recession began
At the same time:
- Transportation utilization rose to 58.2
- Transportation pricing increased to 66.7, the highest since January 2025
- Pricing sat nearly 30 points above capacity, signaling a tight market on paper
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Contract Rates: Stable, For Now
Contract pricing has been far less reactive than spot markets. Retailers and shippers entered peak season with:
- Inventory plans are set months in advance
- Elevated inventory-to-sales ratios
- A cautious approach to restocking
Post-holiday inventory drawdowns are normal seasonal behavior, not a signal of a Q1 demand surge. With sales largely flat on a price-adjusted basis, there is little incentive for shippers to lock in higher contract rates early in 2026.
Market Update.
At Spot, we understand the vital role that up-to-date information plays in navigating the dynamic logistics market. Each month, we bring you a comprehensive logistics market update. We dive into the latest trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the logistics sector. Join us as we empower you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions in this fast-paced industry. Market Update.
Demand Level & Outlook
Where Demand Stands Today
According to trucking ton-mile data, freight demand reached a seasonally adjusted low point in Q2 2024 and has been slowly improving since.
That modest demand recovery, combined with significant carrier exits throughout 2024 and early 2025, helps explain why capacity has tightened even though freight volumes remain historically soft.
To put growth into perspective:
- Q3 2025 demand was up just 0.8% year-over-year
- Compare that to prior bull markets:
- Q3 2017: ↑ 2.4%
- Q4 2017: ↑ 3.7%
Those past cycles saw rapid demand expansion for 18 months or more. There is currently no evidence of that kind of acceleration heading into 2026.
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Capacity & Costs: Tight, But Under Strain
Transportation capacity tightened sharply at year-end. The Logistics Managers’ Index shows capacity fell to a four-year low in December:
- Transportation Capacity Index: 36.9
- Lowest since October 2021
- First contraction since March 2022, when the freight recession began
At the same time:
- Transportation utilization rose to 58.2
- Transportation pricing increased to 66.7, the highest since January 2025
- Pricing sat nearly 30 points above capacity, signaling a tight market on paper
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Contract Rates: Stable, For Now
Contract pricing has been far less reactive than spot markets. Retailers and shippers entered peak season with:
- Inventory plans are set months in advance
- Elevated inventory-to-sales ratios
- A cautious approach to restocking
Post-holiday inventory drawdowns are normal seasonal behavior, not a signal of a Q1 demand surge. With sales largely flat on a price-adjusted basis, there is little incentive for shippers to lock in higher contract rates early in 2026.
Market Update.
At Spot, we understand the vital role that up-to-date information plays in navigating the dynamic logistics market. Each month, we bring you a comprehensive logistics market update. We dive into the latest trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the logistics sector. Join us as we empower you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions in this fast-paced industry. Market Update.
Demand Level & Outlook
Freight Demand: Weak Overall, but Not Uniform
Broad truckload demand remains soft
- The Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI) is ↓ 11% year over year
- This index captures a wider mix of industrial and capital-goods freight
Consumer-oriented freight is far more resilient:
- The Truckload Volume Index (STVI), which is more heavily weighted toward food, beverage, CPG, and shorter-haul freight, is ↓ only 3% year over year
- This better reflects the freight mix experienced by large contract-focused carriers
Supply, Capacity, and Carrier Operating Costs
Regulatory Enforcement Emerges as a Meaningful Supply-Side Force
- English-language proficiency enforcement and non-domiciled CDL scrutiny could remove up to 5% of industry capacity over time
- Analysts agree these measures create a rising floor under rates, but are unlikely to trigger an immediate capacity shock on their own
FTR estimates English-language enforcement may remove roughly 25,000 drivers in the first year, which is notable but not enough to independently tighten the market.
Insurance and Financing: The Wild Cards
- Insurance premiums are expected to rise meaningfully in 2026
- Financing remains tight, limiting the ability of marginal carriers to refresh equipment
- These pressures could trigger a delayed but sharper wave of capacity loss if rates do not improve
Spot & Contract Market Trends
Spot Rates Are Sending Clear Signals
Truckload spot rates excluding fuel increased 8% over a two-week period from November 19 to December 4, a sharper move than seen in the same seasonal window over the past two years. These sudden increases, rather than sustained climbs, have become a defining feature of this market cycle.
Market Update.
At Spot, we understand the vital role that up-to-date information plays in navigating the dynamic logistics market. Each month, we bring you a comprehensive logistics market update. We dive into the latest trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the logistics sector. Join us as we empower you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions in this fast-paced industry. Market Update.
Canadian Tariffs Surge: A Hidden Shock
While China has dominated the headlines, Canadian imports are bearing the brunt of new tariffs under the current administration:
•Average monthly tariffs in 2024: $34M
•March & April 2025 tariffs: $660M and $675M, a 19.5x increase
•June is expected to surge again due to 50% tariffs on steel/metal
Top affected categories
•Unwrought aluminum: $123.7M
•Auto parts: $67.5M
•Finished vehicles: $52.2M
Operating Costs: Inflation Without Pricing Power
- Stagflation Strains Margins: Carriers face the worst of both worlds, flat volumes and rates paired with rising costs. This stagflationary environment has forced many into cost-deferral decisions that may backfire long term (e.g., delayed maintenance, equipment replacement).
- Insurance a Top Pressure Point: Premiums are skyrocketing due to increased litigation and nuclear verdicts (claims >$10M). Carriers are also contending with cargo theft risks, including sophisticated scams like identity manipulation and double brokering.
Supply & Capacity: A Market in Contraction
- Carrier Exits Hit New High: In April 2025, 7,474 trucking companies exited the market, a 12-month peak and a 26% increase from March. Weekly revocation rates remain elevated, with more than 1,500 carriers losing authority each week.
- New Entrants Defy the Trend: Despite exits, new carrier authorities rose 48% month over month in April. Seasonal optimism and the lure of an eventual rate rebound keep new players entering the market, though many may be underestimating the financial headwinds.
Market Update.